|
|
| Scandium | |
| Electron Configuration | 2,8,9,2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d1 4s2 |
| Ground state | 2D3/2 |
| Atomic Volume | 15 g/cm3 |
| Electronegativity | 1.36 |
| Magnetic ordering | No data |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | 8.8 x 10-8 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | 3.956 x 10-9 |
 Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 343 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 15.9 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 376.1 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 25.52 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 15.8 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 10.2 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 750 MPa |
| Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 56.6 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.279 |
| Shear modulus | 29.1 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 74.4 GPa |
| Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 5.5 x 10-7 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | No data. |
| Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 0.55914 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 3.5 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 58 |
| Ionization Potential | |
 First
|
6.54 |
| Second
|
12.8 |
| Third
|
24.76 |
| Energy Levels |
|
| Kα1 (intensity 100) |
4.0906 KeV |
| Kα2 (intensity 50) |
4.0861 KeV |
| Kβ1 (intensity 20) |
4.4605 KeV |
| Lα1 (intensity 100) |
0.3954 KeV |
| Lα2 (intensity 10) |
0.3954 KeV |
| Lβ1 (intensity 20) |
0.3996 KeV |
| Lβ3 (intensity 4) |
0.458 KeV |
| Lβ4 (intensity 4) |
0.458 KeV |
| Lγ3 (intensity 70) |
0.353 KeV |
| Ll (intensity 200) |
0.348 KeV |
| Atomic Radii |
|
| Empirical
|
160 pm |
| Bohr Radius
|
184 pm |
| Covalent Radius
|
144 pm |
| Van der Waals
|
No data. |
| Triple covalent
|
114 pm |
| Metallic
|
162 pm |
| Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 3 | VI | 0.885 | 0.745 | R* |
| VIII | 1.01 | 0.87 | R* | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
| Oxidation States |
|
| Main
|
Sc+2, Sc+3 |
| Other
|
|
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1)  |
|
| M - M+ |
631 |
| M+ - M2+ |
1235 |
| M2+ - M3+ |
2389 |
| M3+ - M4+ |
7089 |
| M4+ - M5+ |
8844 |
| M5+ - M6+ |
10720 |
| M6+ - M7+ |
13320 |
| M7+ - M8+ |
15310 |
| M8+ - M9+ |
17369 |
| M9+ - M10+ |
21740 |
| Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 1645 | 1804 | (2006) | (2266) | (2613) | (3101) |
| Crystal Structure |
|
| Structure
|
Hexagonal close packed |
 |
a = 330.9 pm |
| b = 330.9 pm | |
| c = 527.33 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 120° | |